Posición del hueso hioides en pacientes con mordida abierta / Hyoid bone position in open bite patients

Objetivo: Evaluar la posición de hueso hioides en pacientes con mordida abierta, mediante el trazado cefalométrico del triángulo hioideo propuesto por Rocabado, Bibby y Preston. Materiales y método: Se analizaron 32 radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales, obtenidas de un centro odontológico de la ciudad de Cuenca, correspondientes a individuos de ambos sexos, entre 5 a 26 años de edad. Las telerradiografías fueron analizadas mediante el programa Nemoceph NX, donde se determinó la posición anteroposterior y vertical del hueso hioides, mediante el trazado cefalométrico del triángulo hioideo propuesto por Rocabado, Bibby y Preston, siendo el mentón, la tercera vértebra cervical y el hueso hioides las estructuras que se utilizaron para realizar dicho trazado. Resultados: Se observó una posición anterosuperior del hueso hioides en individuos con mordida abierta, con un triángulo hioideo positivo, pero no siempre, ya que en algunos de los casos se presentó un triángulo hioideo negativo. Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente negativas entre hombres y mujeres en lo que respecta a la posición vertical del hueso hioides. Esta posición varió en los diferentes grupos etarios, con una posición más superior en un rango de edad menor y descendiendo conforme avanza la edad. Conclusiones: la posición del hueso hioides en pacientes con mordida abierta tiene una tendencia anterosuperior, influenciada por el sexo y la edad. En el presente estudio, casi la mitad de los pacientes presentó un triángulo hioideo positivo (59,4%) pero no en todos los casos, ya que presentaron también un triángulo hioideo negativo (40,6%) (AU)

Clinical-radiographic correlation in occlusal surfaces

The aim of the present study was to correlate clinical and radiographic diagnoses of the occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars. A total of 56 first permanent molars with no macroscopic evidence of caries were selected from 40 children. A research worker performed the visual examination (VE) and an expert performed the radiographic analysis employing bitewing radiographs. Each professional performed diagnosis independently. The statistical analysis revealed: 1) Low correlation between both methods; Kappa: 0.03, p = 0.34; 2) Correlation between past history of caries and VE: taub Kendall 0.333, p = 0.003; no correlation between past history of caries and radiographic diagnosis: 0.002, p = 0.984; 3) No correlation between each of the methods of diagnosis and the age of the patients. The radiographic analysis showed a high revalence of radiolucid images, interpreted as caries, that failed to be detected by VE. To improve VE as a diagnostic method for pits and fissures we should combine various procedures and consider other clinical predictors.

Oral health of children from rural excluded villages (Trancas and Calchaqui valleys. Tucumán, Argentina)

The general hypothesis of the study was to evaluate strategically important rural areas to confirm their characteristics of [quot ]excluded population[quot ] and identify the priorities to allocate human and financial resources of the international co-operation project. The aim of this study was to establish the degree of development of villages in the Trancas and Calchaqui valleys, and the oral health of children living in areas involved in an integral study on excluded villages in the northwest of Argentina. These villages are considered a priority in the UNIR Project; they are thus strategically important as a link with countries of the MERCOSUR. Data on living conditions were obtained through direct inquiries (Project UNIR, W. K. Kellogg Foundation/University of Tucumán) and from data supplied by the Ministry of Economy, by the Ministry of Culture and Education and by the SIEMPRO project of the Secretariat of Social Development of the Ministry of Health. The Human Development Index (HDI) was calculated as World Bank criteria (1995), The studies on dental conditions were carried out in all the children between 12 and 14 years old, that is a total of 58 in the Trancas Valley and 212 in the Calchaqui Valley. RESULTS: (1) The HDI was 0.731 for the province, 0.56 for the Trancas Valley and 0.51 for Calchaqui valley. (2) The results are above the values for the country in the first case, and below the average country values for the valleys. (3) The percentage of BNN families reached 92

. The results for oral health show: (4) the DMFT were 6.34 +/- 0.07 in the Trancas Valley and 7.47 +/- 0.276 in the Calchaquí valley. (5) Carious teeth (CT) were the most important component of this index. (6) The absence of a specific and preventive assistance. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Children between 12 and 14 living in the Valleys of Trancas and Calchaqui (Tucumán, Argentina) are affected by severe levels of caries, with values above the national and province means. (b) The human development index is below that of the corresponding national and province levels. (c) Inhabitants of these valleys can be identified as socially and biologically highly vulnerable. (d) The indicators of cariogenic risk reveal the importance of introducing oral preventive care components to the health plan for the area focused on the excluded population.

Exequibilidade da cirurgia de catarata em hospital-escola: em busca de um modelo econômico / Practicability of cataract surgery at hospital-school: searching for an economic model

No mundo todo, há escassez de recursos em saúde de forma a atender todas as necessidades no setor. Projetos Zona Livre de Catarata, realizados por vários serviços oftalmológicos brasileiros, demonstraram que apenas 10 por cento a 20 por cento dos pacientes cegos por catarata estäo sendo operados em nosso meio, atualmente. OBJETIVO. Demonstrar a exeqüibilidade da realizaçäo de um modelo de cirurgia de catarata senil com implante de lente intra-ocular, no Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp, considerando-se a remuneraçäo paga pelo Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS). MÉTODOS. Foi levantado o custo com insumos e material descartáveis, para realizaçäo da facectomia com implante de lente intra-ocular de câmara posterior no Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp. O modelo da Unicamp prevê cirurgia ambulatorial sob anestesia local, com racionalizaçäo de custos na aquisiçäo e gastos de insumos. Os hospitais escola apresentam situaçäo diferenciada no sistema de saúde, em que custos fixos e parte dos custos variáveis da cirurgia de catarata säo subsidiados pelo Estado. RESULTADOS. Conclui-se que a facectomia realizada sob a metodologia proposta é economicamente viável, sendo realizada a um custo de USS 77, considerando-se apenas os insumos, com uma remuneraçäo do INAMPS de USS 474. A realizaçäo de um maior número de cirurgias aumenta a eficácia e a eficiência da instituiçäo, além de propiciar maior treinamento cirúrgico aos residentes e melhor atendimento à comunidade. CONCLUSAO. Considera-se dever de todos os envolvidos, respeitados os compromissos com ensino, pesquisa e qualidade de atendimento, realizar o maior número de cirurgias de catarata pelo menor custo